July 2008

declared a state of emergency. The Government is concerned illegal immigration

John Mazzamuto

Strict security-government. The Council of Ministers has approved a state of emergency throughout the national territory per fronteggiare “un eccezionale afflusso di cittadini extracomunitari”, come specificato dal comunicato stampa di Palazzo Chigi. L'obiettivo del provvedimento, proposto dal Ministro dell'Interno Maroni, è quello di potenziare le attività di contrasto e di gestione del fenomeno dell'immigrazione clandestina.

A spiegare la norma è stato il capo dipartimento per le libertà civili e l'immigrazione del Ministero degli Interni Mario Morcone, che ha precisato come “la misura consentirà, attraverso l'utilizzo di ordinanze della protezione civile, l'adozione di procedure accelerate per la gestione dei nuovi centri di accoglienza”. Nessun intervento delle forze armate, quindi, come ribadito anche The Russian Minister of Defense. "This is a requirement of the Civil Protection, which affects mainly organizational and bureaucratic. There will be no tanks in the streets and you can not shoot on sight ". The three thousand men, provided by La Russa, however, of concern, even if you continue to assert that a state of emergency will help to ensure more flexibility in transfers from Cpt.

(... continued on Dazebao )

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FROM AFAR: THE WRITING AND A DAY WITH RITA DISPATRIO

The poster for the event

Saturday, July 26 in Schio (VI) to 20.30 Fabbrica Alta, is staged via Pasubio Kabum ... like a pair of impossible.

FROM AFAR: THE WRITING AND THE DISPATRIO
download the brochure in pdf format

The festival this year offers di andare a raccogliere l’eredità di Luigi Meneghello inquadrando la sua opera nel contesto che – sostiene Atoz – più le è proprio. Ovvero uno spazio lontano: lontano dalla provincia, dal suo dialetto, lontano persino dal vissuto. La creazione del mondo linguistico di Meneghello è infatti il prodotto di un dispatrio. L’autore scrive il suo libro più famoso nell’Inghilterra degli anni Sessanta in cui suonano i primi accordi i Beatles e i Rolling Stones. Solo grazie a quella distanza – spaziale e temporale – Luigi Meneghello può mettere a frutto il suo genio di mediazione tra esperienza e linguaggio, tra oralità e scrittura, tra autobiografismo e filtro letterario.
Mr. Atoz

"You do not live in a country, we live in a language. A country is this and nothing else. "(EM Cioran)

" The value of Louis Meneghello is far less clear today than elsewhere in the Veneto region, its history and experience across Europe telling of an Italy valuable not only for those who want to remember but also to those who now want to rebuild ties, identity and citizenship before membership of a party. "(Marco Paolini)

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ATRIA

Sabato 26 luglio si svolgerà, in occasione del 16° anniversario della sua morte, “Un giorno ‘con’ Rita Atria”, una giornata dedicata alla memoria di Rita Atria, Testimone di Giustizia, che una settimana dopo la morte del giudice Paolo Borsellino (a cui aveva affidato il suo futuro) si tolse la vita ad appena diciassette anni. L’iniziativa, organizzata dall’Associazione Mafias "Rita Atria" Zen Together with the Laboratory of Palermo, it will build at 9.00 to the nearest ZEN 2 of Palermo, from there take a bus to the cemetery of Partanna (Trapani), which will take place at 11.00 am when a memory the grave of Rita Atria. Before returning to Palermo is a stop at the lands confiscated from the mafia entrusted to Cooperatio NoE Partinico.

at 18.30 will take place at the Laboratory Zen Together, a meeting with Piera Aiello, Witness Justice and sister of Rita Atria, entitled "Memory commitment action."
As emphasized by the words that give the title of the meeting in the afternoon, all day Memory is not intended as a commemoration, but to remember that active is open to all those who have not lost hope in a society liberated from the Mafia and who are willing to take steps to rebuild the social fabric within the banner of justice and legality. The initiative, starting from Rita Atria, also wants to be a strong sign in the name of all witnesses of Justice who, like you are abandoned to their fate by the state of loneliness and denied identities, secret places and waited in vain for a ransom.

will be attended among others Don Luigi Ciotti, a Telejato Pino Maniaci, Michael Buscemi, Pina Grassi, Lucia Sardo, Mario Ciancarelli, Graziella Proto, Kathy Aloisi, associations "Invisible Citizens? No Thanks!" , Ubuntu, and Hammer Beam. (Www.fascioemartello.it), LEFT - the youth of the left. Further accessions are expected.

How many were participating in the initiatives we wish to point out that for safety reasons you can not photograph or film (video and audio) Piera Aiello.
Information: 347.262.27.46

Lab Zen Together and the Association of Anti-mafia "Rita Atria" One day "with" Rita Atria

July 26

9.00 Partanna starting from the center of
Laboratory "Zen Together" - by Fausto Coppi, ZEN 2 - Palermo

11.00 am Arrival at the cemetery where Partanna
going to honor Rita Atria, which still rests,
after 16 years in an unmarked grave

Lunch at the cooperative NoE Partinico
(only for laboratory "ZEN TOGETHER")

18.30 c / o The Laboratory "ZEN TOGETHER"
memory, commitment and action
Meeting with Piera Aiello

Thanks to: Luigi Ciotti - President of Freedom; Telejato; Cooperative Noah Partinico

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The Pinomobile will be parked at the home of Provenzano in Corleone

extraordinary city council last Tuesday to express solidarity with Partinico Pino Maniaci TeleJato and after the recent acts of intimidation. And yesterday the same initiative in Corleone, where the city council and the mayor wanted to show their closeness and solidarity to all employees and Pino Maniaci head con una lunga e affollatissima seduta. "Pino Maniaci e TeleJato significano molto per questo territorio - ha dichiarato il sindaco Antonino Iannazzo - Mostrando in particolare ai giovani altri modelli culturali, dando un esempio fondamentale di patecipazione civile". Inoltre il sindaco ha richiesto ufficialmente a Maniaci la "pinomobile", la storica automobile di servizio incendiata la notte del 17 luglio, da parcheggiare all'interno della casa di Bernardo Provenzano in via Colletti. La macchina e Pino erano presenti, a poche ore dall'arresto del Boss, sul luogo dell'operazione: oggi ritorna coma simbolo della lotta alla mafia. La "pinomobile" per quasi un decennio è stato un simbolo della libera informazione in questa terra sfregiata dalla mafia. Che oggi, forcibly dismantled by the hand of intimidation, "occupy" a symbolically owned by a mobster is a symbolic gesture against the Mafia strong commitment and support from the administration to TeleJato Corleone.

(photo by Maura Pazzi)

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Well, it was also rice TeleJato

A Partinico il segreto del Tonico Camello... in un video di quel gruppo di matti dadaisti di Fascio&Martello

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Scion of MAFIA

anticipation of reportage from the large Pietro Orsatti on sale next Friday to Left

It is said that the Mafia has become invisible, which has ceased attacks, which do not shoot more. Maybe someone should explain to the families of the area Corleone - Partinico. Increased from just 23 of the 17 July. Pino Maniaci, the historical founder of Telejato (the small TV Community Partinico) his family and some friends and colleagues have just finished dinner at home. Pino offers to take guests to a nearby house. They're coming down the stairs when the phone rings: it is a friend of the journalist which warns that there is a incendio davanti all'emittente. Si precipitano tutti. La redazione è vicinissima. Partinico, nonostante i suoi trentamila abitanti, si attraversa in pochi minuti. Sul posto già sono arrivati i vigili del fuoco, stanno cercando di spegnere l'incendio che consuma la vecchia macchina di servizio della televisione. Benzina cosparsa e uno straccio per accenderla. Senza pensarci due volte si inizia a filmare e fotografare. Dopo alcuni minuti arrivano prima una pattuglia della polizia e subito dopo i carabinieri. E, alla spicciolata, alcuni curiosi. Nessuno ha dubbi: avvertimento di mafia.

Pino è un fascio di nervi, si guarda attorno, cerca di capire come abbiano fatto. Perché non è facile dare fuoco alla macchina a uno che, almeno sulla paper, from February living under escort. Should not be. At the end of January, the minor child of a local boss has beaten up in the city center, has even tried to strangle him using his tie. The threat was serious. Serious. And was immediately taken cover. A mild security, for "appointments" on traveling and places of work. However, a guard. But on Thursday, 17 something has gone wrong for this fragile and primary protection system entrusted with the weapon. And indeed, when there were no police intimidation under house Maniaci, either before the drawing. Even the street, as they were the last to arrive at the fire. Orders wrong? Underestimation of the risks? Lowering of attention after months of protection? Too early to tell, too difficult to imagine. The only certainty is that the attackers arrived in a step by Pino undisturbed in the heart of the country, and acted with precision and quiet, sure you do not have problems.

(... read the full report on newsstands next Friday to Left)

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THINGS GROW LEGS

clans back to talk. And seeking review of a 41, the prison regime reserved for hard boss. After years of immersion, the silence of guns, crime is being reorganized

Pietro Orsatti from Palermo

screen scroll through the images of the boss Salvatore Lo Piccolo, "Baron" and his son Sandro : stock footage covering a news service. The lawyers of the two, in fact, are calling for the suspension of 41 bis to their clients: "For human rights violations", say the lawyers from London where the two are in jail. This means, for a 41, the special prison regime to which they are subject Mafia bosses: strengthening of security measures, mainly with regard to the need to prevent contact with the criminal organization membership, restrictions in the number and manner of performing the interviews, limiting the stay outdoors and censorship of mail. The news falls into a seemingly sleepy Palermo: no wonder, indeed provide confirmation. Reopen, for the umpteenth time, a confrontation on this instrument are considered essential to the judiciary and police to break the chains of command of the mafias, to prevent the flow of orders from inside the prison to outside and vice versa. "What colors," says Pino Maniaci of microscopic TeleJato Partinico. He was present at the arrest of the two. Images of the Lo Piccolo were arrested by the "catturandi" State Police November 5, 2007, those who have made the rounds of television over the world, has turned him.
Something we prepare, the Mafia seems to return to the old claims of the famous "Papello" Toto Riina: no hard rules, no limitations on contacts with the outside world for those who are in prison, and especially not seize the assets of the boss. No one knows

as accurately, but the situation of apparent stalemate and "withdrawal" is changed in a few weeks. In the sphere of the judiciary in Palermo a few months it should be noted as the Mafia is being reorganized. "He says the judiciary, but the fact is that for some months the climate is changing in the city," says Rita Borsellino. "The Mafia communicates through symbols - continued - and output requests in relation to a 41 by Little, just behind the commemorations of the killings of Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, is not only an insult to their memory, but a precise signal. " A short walk in the neighborhood Ballarò, there are already clear signs of "restlessness" by those in power in the maze of alleys. Same thing with the Zen. Small intimidation, messages and signals. In Palermo, today, the tension is palpable. "The recognition that victims of racketeering by merchants Ucciardone few days ago - says Borsellino - it is unacceptable for the Mafia. It was a signal, an important symbolic act for the State. But the mob lives of symbols and communicate through symbols. Perhaps this should be the message sent by the lawyers of the Lo Piccolo 41 bis. "

Even the police are concerned about this step. "The Mafia did not give up despite the many arrests - said an official of Digos di Palermo - but do not delude ourselves that has perso la propria capacità militare. Abbiamo assistito a una fase di riorganizzazione, ma la criminalità continua ad avere una grande capacità e velocità di ristrutturazione». Questo a Palermo come in altre zone, fra cui Corleone e Partinico, dove l’ala “militare” di cosa nostra non ha mai deposto le armi e continua a sparare. E fra pochi mesi, a ottobre, alcuni boss locali saranno giunti a fine pena dopo più di dieci anni di carcere e torneranno nel proprio territorio. A pesare. A ripristinare la “tradizione” di cosa nostra. Quando poi si scopre che in questa zona di 13 comuni la notte siano in servizio sul territorio solo una macchina dei carabinieri e una della polizia, si capisce quale sia il livello di tensione that the police live each day to deal with a mafia certainly "primitive" (hence the term most commonly used to define it is "bloody"), but also fully integrated and functional organization of the Cosa Nostra. Here the level of funding, which ensured decades of inaction and continuity of the control system of the dome mafia, are perfectly intact and functioning. "And at this sensitive stage of the wiretaps also block strikes us, preventing us from playing all the cards that we have at our disposal to fight the Cosa Nostra," the official complaint disheartened.

"For some tempo è iniziata l’erosione dei 41 bis - racconta il senatore Pd e ex presidente della Commissione antimafia Giuseppe Lumia -. Molti sono stati sospesi, nonostante rimanga integra la pericolosità dei soggetti. L’applicazione di questa norma è a discrezione del tribunale di sorveglianza, e dovrebbe essere riformata e migliorata. E questo governo, infatti, non sembra voler garantire la continuità di questo strumento che in molti casi è risultato fondamentale nella lotta alla mafia. Finora si fanno slogan sulla sicurezza, ma nulla per garantirla. Quarantamila “esuberi” fra polizia, carabinieri e finanza e un taglio complessivo di oltre un miliardo di euro alle risorse destinate alla sicurezza». Autori dei tagli proposti per il prossimo autunno? I ministri Tremonti e Brunetta. Motivazioni? Tagli alla spesa pubblica. E chi sono questi mafiosi a cui è stato revocato il 41 bis? Non si tratta di “seconde file”: a giugno, per esempio, è stato sospeso il regime duro a Antonino Madonia, membro di una delle famiglie mafiose più improntati di Palermo, condannato anche per l’omicidio di Libero Grassi, e non solo. «Un clima di disarmo, di arretramento», denuncia Lumia. E oltre allo smantellamento del 41 bis, inizia a emergere anche il pericolo di uno svuotamento delle risorse umane, economiche e tecnologiche delle forze di polizia. Fino a eccessi assolutamente incomprensibili. I circa 40 membri della “catturandi” che nel 2006, dopo mesi di appostamenti, infiltrazioni, indagini, arrestarono Bernardo Provenzano nelle campagne di Corleone non si sono ancora visti riconoscere le centinaia di ore di straordinari (5 euro lorde all’ora) che hanno consentito quell’arresto. E non è un caso che proprio in queste settimane i sindacati di polizia stiano organizzando manifestazioni e iniziative contro i tagli proposti dal governo. Paradossalmente il decreto sicurezza e la politica del “braccio di ferro” strillata dal governo Berlusconi nasconderebbe, nei fatti, la resa dello Stato dopo anni di risultati formidabili. Ottenuti e poi dispersi sull’altare dei tagli alla spesa pubblica.

Pubblicato su Left numero 29

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The complete edition of the news of the day after the TeleJato intiidazione

I recently passed the 23 of July 17, 2008 and the phone rings Pino Maniaci. The TV's parked car soto the seat of the small issuer is anti-mafia Partinico been burned. Yet another act of intimidation against organized crime Pino (who has also suffered a physical assault in January and since then living under escort) and the small and courageous broadcaster. This edition of the Tg of the day led by Sen Lumia
FOR MORE INFORMATION
www.telejato.it
www.ritaatria.it

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The opening of the Tg of intimidation after TeleJato

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DA TELEJATO

A few minutes is divided Senate President Reant Schifani Editor of TeleJato. Official visit of the second position in the State in Pino Maniaci three days later by yet another Mafia intimidation.
Certificates of solidarity with pioccola broadcaster Partinico Statti are countless. In meetings pubbici, attravreso mails, letters, phone calls, text messages and visits to the editor.
not passed over in silence this attack on freedom of information. But the focus remains high. The Mafia does not lower the sure shot. A Partinico, the night after the fire in the staff car of Maniaci, another car was burnt. E intanto continuano segnali di intimidazione ad altri giornalisti e esponenti della società civile della sicilia occidentale.
Continua intanto la campagna Siamo tutti Pino Maniaci

PER ULTERIORI INFORMAZIONI

TELEJATO

ASSOCIAZIONE RITA ATRIA

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Telejato - some press

INCENDIATA AUTO GIORNALISTA A PALERMO, SCORTA MEDIATICA
ANSA - 54 minuti fa
ROMA - Pino Maniaci, il giornalista dell'emittente televisiva di Partinico, Telejato, che ieri è stato vittima di una nuova intimidazione, ...

SICILIA/CRIMINALITA': SOLIDARIETA' LUMIA A 'TELEJATO'
ASCA - Agenzia Stampa Quotidiana Nazionale - 22 ore fa
(ASCA) - Palermo, 18 lug - Il sen. Giuseppe Lumia (PD) will 'host''''TeleJato today to express their solidarity' to Pino Maniaci and the whole ...

SICILY / CRIME ': ORDER PRESS COMPLAINT intimidation ...
ASCA - Agenzia Nazionale Daily Press - 23 hours ago
(AGI) - Palermo, July 18 -''Now and 'intolerable level of pressure and intimidation against those who insist on making a 'freedom of information ...

PALERMO: INCENDIATA AUTO DEL DIRETTORE DI TELEJATO
ASCA - Agenzia Stampa Quotidiana Nazionale - 18 lug 2008
(ASCA) - Palermo, 18 lug - L'auto del direttore dell'emittente televisiva 'Telejato' di Partinico (Pa), Pino Maniaci, e' stata incendiata da ignoti la notte ...

Palermo: auto in fiamme Ancora minacce per giornalista
La Repubblica - 18 lug 2008
PALERMO - Ancora un'intimidazione per Pippo Maniaci, direttore dell'emittente televisiva Telejato di Partinico (Palermo). On the night unidentified persons ...

on fire the car of journalist attacked by the son of the boss
L'Unione Sarda - July 18, 2008
Last night the journalists of Television Partinico (Palermo) TeleJato, Pino Maniaci, a few months ago he was attacked by two ...

PALERMO: NEW INTIMIDATION A JOURNALIST, burned cars ...
Time - July 17, 2008
Palermo, July 18 - (Adnkronos) - New intimidation to the Director of the broadcaster's Telejato Partinico (Palermo), Pippo Maniaci. ...

still threats to the director of TeleJato
Guidasicilia.it - \u200b\u200b1 hour ago
Once they cut the tires of ' car and broke the windows, a few months ago was attacked by two boys, one of which son of the chief ...

Us tutti Pino Maniaci
Italianotizie - 4 ore fa
Incendiata l’auto di Pino Maniaci, direttore dell’emittente televisiva Telejato di Partinico. L’autovettura era parcheggiata davanti alla sede della TV ...

Ennesimo attentato contro Telejato. Pino Maniaci, un europeo in ...
Articolo 21 - 14 ore fa
C’è una Sicilia europea che coltiva lettere, arti, imprese e speranze. C’è una Sicilia che si ostina a rimanere fuori dall’Europa e dal mondo civile nel suo ...

Nuovo attacco a Pino Maniaci
Aprile Online - 19 ore fa
Il caso Il direttore di Telejato, emittente televisiva di Partinico (Palermo), è stato oggetto di un'ennesima intimidazione da parte della mafia. ...

Bruciata l´auto di Pino Maniaci, nuova intimidazione al direttore ...
90011.it - 19 ore ago
still intimidating for Pino Maniaci, Director of the broadcaster's Telejato Partinico. On the night unknown persons set fire to his car which was ...

Partinico, burning cars Pino Maniaci Corato, aggression ...
Article 21 - 20 hours ago
two serious attacks in recent days with two colleagues took place in Italy. In Sicily Pino Maniaci, Telejato journalist, has suffered yet another ...

Telejato: burned the car of the director Pino Maniaci
Straits Time - 23 hours ago
He does not stop. Some people call him a hero, some crazy, but the news continues to be a point of reference for the culture of change and ...

INTIMIDATION FOR NEW Pino Maniaci
News Agenda - July 18, 2008
The car of the Sicilian journalist, director of the local TeleJato, was set on fire. In January, had suffered aggression. ...

Palermo, solidarity with the journalist Pino Maniaci of Telejato
Idea Radio Home News - July 18, 2008
PALERMO - The conductor was intimated yesterday Telejato night in front of the headquarters of the drafting of a Telejato Partinico. His car was ...

Maniaci information Roberto Puglisi
I love Sicily - July 18, 2008
Pino Maniaci dresses like the little man of Bialetti: jacket, tie, pants and socks in black paint. He has a machine that is a museum piece, ...

Maniaci: "We do not stop"
I love Sicily - July 18, 2008
"They burned the pine-mobile ". The car of the issuer's historical Partinico Telejato was poured gasoline and set on fire tonight. ...

Mafia. New intimidate journalist Telejato
(AMI) Multimedia Italian Agency - July 18, 2008
Unidentified persons fire in the night the car of journalist and director of loom - small issuer of Partinico - Giuseppe "Pippo" Maniaci, ...

PALERMO: BURNED THE CAR OF THE DIRECTOR OF TELEJATO
Julie News - July 18, 2008
New episode of intimidation, against Maniaci Pippo, Director of Telejato. Unknown hanno cosparso la sua auto di benzina e le hanno dato fuoco. ...

1989 Paolo Borsellino

meets Judge Borsellino, 26 January 1989, students of Technical College of State for Trade "Remondini" Bassano del Grappa. had Video courtesy of Prof. Enzo Guidotti, President of the Observatory on the Venetian Mafia and Consultant of the Parliamentary Anti-Mafia. please visit:

www.narcomafie.it

please visit:
www.antimafiaduemila.com

date: 26/01/1989 - source : Arcoiris TV - length: 95.41 min.

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images of intimidation TeleJato

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Licenza Creative Commons
.

New attack to TeleJato Partinico

am witnessed the affair. I was a guest for dinner at the home of Pine and were leaving when they called us. We arrived on site seconds after the arrival of firefighters. As I write this first post (by the editors of TeleJato) Pino Partinico of the police station to testify. Tomorrow will be a long day. And we are many to make the news and continue to give support to Pino, his family, and this little oasis of free information.

FOR MORE INFORMATION

TELEJATO

ASSOCIATION RITA ATRIA

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.

Cap.4 Reflections on what is "History"

Seconda parte

Eravamo rimasti alla comparsa delle carte da gioco in occidente nel XIV secolo. Per ora mi limiterò a proseguire la discussione su ciò che è documentato.

Due cose sono certe, la prima che le carte entrate in Europa erano solo carte numerali, cioè carte composte da quattro semi (spade, bastoni, coppe e denari) numerate da 1 a 9 o 10, prive di figure umane.

Questa ad esempio è la carta che corrisponde al re di denari .
Nella cultura mussulmana sono assolutamente proibite le raffigurazioni umane.

La seconda, molto importante è che da subito il gioco delle carte si diffuse a macchia d’olio e in poco tempo divenne così popolare da indurre le autorità a prendere provvedimenti.

vedi anche questa intervista a Dummett, uno dei massimi studiosi di Tarocchi.

LA DIFFUSIONE DEI TAROCCHI TRA I SECC. XV-XIX
Giordano Berti and Pietro Marsilli

Origin of the Tarot game
The game of tarot is one of the most fascinating chapters in the history of costume in Europe. The problem of its origins and meaning of the figures and the uses to which it was subject throughout the centuries has always stimulated the curiosity of historians, ethnographers, writers and esoteric. But how many books have been written on the subject, even today, nearly five centuries after its first appearance historically documented, this game is an unsolved mystery.
Research on literature of the Middle Ages until the end of the century. XIV did not highlighted text where any mention of the tarot. The troubadours, novelists, moralists that describe daily life in the castles, middle-class houses and taverns, the preachers from the pulpit, blows against the vices, they talk about different games, but the tarot is never mentioned.
In fact, there are some stories of the first half of the century. XIV where he talks about card games, but it's always back interpolations, substitutions occurred in the following centuries, when these works were reproduced in print. Apart from the texts of uncertain credibility will quote only the documents that leave no doubt as to their authenticity (Van Rijnberk 1947, pp. 41-42):

Italy 1371. In a document concerning the rights and duties of the 'Abbey of Monte Cassino has cited a "Iudus cartarum.
1375 Italy. A decree issued by the Priors of Florence invites you to a fight "here Iudus Vocaturo naibbe>" recently introduced in Florence.
Italy 1376. In the Book of Fiorentine commissions applicable to the new game is declared the law of the Naib brand ie, taxes.
1377 Switzerland. The Dominican friar Johannes de Rheinfelden in his Tractatus de mori-bus et humanae conversationis disciplines relates to the introduction of Basel 'Iudus cartarum. In this game, describing the state of the world, and can be compared with chess because in both there are kings, queens, nobles and commoners. So one or the other game may be processed in a moral sense.
1377 France. The Prefect of Paris forbids playing cards in the days. The same prohibition is expressed in 1380 in Lille.
1378 Germany. In Regensburg is forbidden to play cards. The same happens in 1381 in Nuremberg, in 1391 in Augsburg, in 1397 in Ulm.
1379 Netherlands: Hollandier Renier, treasurer of the Duke of Brabant, notes the purchase of a card game. From this date until 1383 sono menzionati gli acquisti di altri venti giochi di carte di prezzo diverso.
1380 Spagna. Un atto notarile degli Archivi della Città di Barcellona cita un «Iudus de naips,> tra i beni di un negoziante. Due anni più tardi, lo stesso gioco è indicato in diversi decreti municipali.
1381 Francia. In un atto notarile registrato a Marsiglia, un viaggiatore promette al suo compagno di viaggio di non giocare a «nahipi>,.
1388 Svizzera. A Costanza viene emesso un divieto contro i giochi di carte. Idem a Zurigo nel 1389.
1392 Francia. Nel registro dei conti di Claude Poupart , tesoriere di Carlo VI, è citato il pagamento a Jacquemin Gringonneur di 56 soldi parigini per l'acquisto di tre mazzi di carte a oro e vari colori, per vincere la melanconia del Re.
1393 Italia. Il cronista fiorentino Giovanni Morelli parla of Naib as a game suitable for children.
1396 France. The cashier of a payment to Queen known Guiot Groslet for the study of a new card game.

This is page 9 "Tarot Art and Magic" The editions Tarot .
click here

With this brief document I want to bring attention to the havoc created by the appearance of the cards in the West and to reflect on the fact that a game as simple and straightforward, at any time had appeared just as it would create confusion . Therefore it is difficult to think that playing cards circulated well before the dates documented without anybody noticing.

Come gioco d’intelletto o di intrattenimento era sicuramente più pratico degli scacchi, si poteva giocare con un maggior numero di persone ed era nettamente più comodo da trasportare. Le carte divennero in poco tempo il gioco di tutti, talmente popolare che iniziarono a sostituirsi anche ai dadi nel gioco d’azzardo.

Gertrude Moakley sostiene che probabilmente il numero dei 21 + 1 Trionfi, possa essere determinato dalla comparazione con i dadi. Di fatti la somma dei numeri di un dado è 21 (1+2+3+4+5+6=21) questo potrebbe anche spiegare perché il matto non sia numerato oppure il numero identificativo attribuito sia lo 0 ; ancora oggi nelle carte da gioco a seme francese “il matto” è una carta non numerata e funge da giolly .
Vedi qui versione inglese
Versione tradotta
Per una trattazione più completa sul Jolly vedi qui
Questo è molto più plausibile della teoria di Eliphas Levi he would like the number 22 as cabalistic see here.

Tidying ideas

To continue this discussion we must be careful not to fall on "banana skin" which has already slipped more than a scholar. This skin is called "cards" , if we start to use the term to "all cards " lose the sense of what happened.
A parallel use this example: imagine that 600 years from discussing the invention of the motor, and having lost all documentation about it, you start to not specify the internal combustion engine instead of electric, petrol rather than diesel etc. ... and mix everything in a large pot to reach the conclusion that an invention so unbelievable that it can not get wisdom from the ancient Egyptian hieroglyph of facts we see an Egyptian seems steam trap. Example certainly stupid, but more or less what happened to the history of cards.

For the story you must specify which cards? Where and how they appeared? To the west there are the first cards, which at the end of fourteenth century come into this territory and this culture in many quarters, Italy Spain and perhaps elsewhere, introduced by the Saracens. Poi, come avviene per le culture che mescolandosi iniziano a contaminarsi e trasformarsi , così è stato anche per le carte. Diventando il gioco di tutti, poveri e ricchi, spagnoli, italiani francesi tedeschi ecc… iniziarono a mutare prendendo le connotazioni dell’ambiente in cui sedimentavano. Da prima comparvero variazioni nei semi delle carte, le spade, denari, coppe e bastoni divennero anatre, falconi, cani, cervi. Poi si iniziò ad aggiungere alle carte numerali delle figure di corte, dame o damigelle cavalieri fanti re e regine ecc… All’inizio del 1400 le carte erano diventate di gran moda e si commissionavano sempre nuovi mazzi. È in questo periodo che abbiamo la prima notizia documentata della commissione di un mazzo particolare: Filippo Maria Visconti commissionò lo studio di un mazzo mitologico, il mazzo degli dei , al suo anziano precettore e consigliere Marziano de’ Rampini da S. Aloisio , detto Marziano da Tortona. Alle 36 o 40 carte numerali invece delle 16 carte di corte si aggiunsero 16 carte così suddivise:

Eagles Virtue : Jupiter, Apollo, Mercury, Hercules

Falconi Wealth : Juno, Neptune, Mars, Aeolus

Dogs Chastity : Diana: Vesta, Pallas, Daphne

Colombe Pleasure : Venus, Bacchus, Ceres , Cupid.

As far as far as we know, this could be the prototype of the subsequent bunches called "Triumphs" that the 22 cards with designs are very striking distinctly different from the others. Currently in
Tarot deck consists of 78 cards, divided into two distinct clusters as "Major Arcana" cards for the 22 special and "Minor Arcana" for the 56 that are used as playing cards.
The Major Arcana, today, are mostly used in divination or some rituale esoterico, la conoscenza ludica di queste carte è rimasta esclusiva di qualche paesino italiano. Anche anticamente non si sa di preciso se con queste carte si giocava come con le altre.
Di fatti la forgia raffinata e spesso le dimensioni non sembrano adatte al gioco.
Sappiamo che le carte "degli dei" di Filippo Maria Visconti ( il probabile prototipo ) furono commissionate come carte pedagogiche. Non era solo un gioco d’azzardo, ma anche di erudizione e sul tavolo si scontravano gli eroi della Virtù contro quelli della Ricchezza e quelli della Castità contro quelli del Piacere, Virtue and Chastity allies against wealth and pleasure. Martian wrote an accompanying book, the first instruction manual for a game, where he does not dwell much on the rules, as the allegories of the gods to take in the game. Not all players were well versed in classical culture as his pupil, and then some additional education would not hurt. And then, education was not the ultimate end game ? (Story Milan).
But these cards we will only have the instruction book and do not know how were the original as we received the following commissions Sforza and being very large and extremely valuable card, punched gold and silver, do not seem quite suited to the game.

End Part

Cap.3 Reflections on what is "History"

History.
When we speak, read or make comments on history, often this is done as if the story was a simple straight line thunderstorm. The type of simplification
taught in school does not consider the facts and events are always an intricate web of events and sometimes banal, but important in its consequences. Taking
as an analogy of a tree (example: Genealogy in building a family tree) , yes, there is a visible frame and the right, but the essence of the tree is rooted in the ground, in the branches and leaves.
Often the history taught in schools like those logs that you see in the sawmills in the mountains, straight, without roots, branches and leaves, ready to be cut into boards or shaped as desired by their buyer.
simplifies this, but unacceptable when you want to get to really understand events that led to a story.

History of the Tarot
Many books and articles that purport to tell the story of Tarot, beginning with this sentence: "Their origins are so old as to have caused the loss in time all their Track .
This is certainly a simplification appealing for a book of mythological facts and all the books that start with this track, openly or covertly imply that in the Egyptian Tarot cards have a source, something so far unproven, even in this understanding that the assumptions tablet of the "Mensa Isis "is the prototype of the Tarot.

click here: HISTORY OF MENSA Isis
Luckily then there are (but there are few) serious scholars as: Sir Michael Dummett , Gertrude Moakley , Stuart kaplan , trying to contain this outbreak of strange thoughts and platitudes.
Last exit chronologically, to Philippe Camoin argues that the source of the oldest papers Marseillaise.
Although there is no evidence (indeed, the evidence confirms that the cards are copied from a prototype Marseille Lombardo antecedent of at least 250 years) tells us: My opinion is that this former school has always existed in the South of France especially in the region of Marseille, which was the gateway to the East. Marseille was founded 2600 years ago and has received influences from all cultures of the Mediterranean, due to its geographical position.

With a well structured sentence, the common reader could be misled into thinking that the cards have 2600 years of Marseilles.
(I'll be mischievous?) see here

When discussing the facts, or rather a serious investigation is conducted, the first rule is to make a clear distinction between objective - subjective - abstract.

If there is no evidence objectively, I can certainly rely on feelings or impressions to open new avenues of research, but not for sure say that my feelings did not need proof, otherwise it falls into the mythology.
I like to repeat that: build a myth is always easier than rebuilding la storia

Fatti
Le indagini storiche condotte fino ad oggi, danno per certa l’origine delle carte da gioco come Cinese, datandole approssimativamente nell’ VIII - X secolo dc ( vedi qui ).
Da li si diffusero in India, poi in Persia e arrivarono in occidente introdotte dai Saraceni intorno al 1300. La più antica testimonianza occidentale si ha in Spagna, nel “ Diccionari de rims ” compilato nel 1371 dal poeta catalano Jaume March , dove si incontra per la prima volta The term " naips " Saraceno term with which they were referred to as the playing cards.
almost simultaneously in Italy, from the Chronicles of Viterbo we are told that there were introduced by the Saracens of playing cards called Nayb in 1379 (see "History of the Tarot Giordano Berti ).

In Spain today the cards are called Naipes

l’influenza saracena è riscontrabile anche sulle moderne carte “Venete o Trevisane” in cui sono raffigurate le tipiche spade curve.

Per approfondire la Storia dei Tarocchi clicca su: Storia di Milano
oppure troverete un'intero libro qui
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